Essay on Examples of the Shadow Archetype in Famous...

Anger, selfishness, violent tendencies, the quest for uncontrollable power, and sexual desires are all undesirable traits which are frowned upon by society, and are concealed to avoid scrutiny. These traits can be referred to as ones shadow. The shadow is the repressed unconscious side of a personality (The Shadow Archetype). The shadow is considered to be a dark force because it consists of all the negative emotions and behaviors of an individual that they choose to hide in order to avoid society’s pressing judgment. In literature, the shadow can carry negative or evil qualities, as seen in many texts that revolve around a character’s struggle with some form of a shadow. The shadow, whether a physical being or a darkness within, grows in†¦show more content†¦In A Wizard of Earthsea, Ged’s first meeting with his shadow was a terrifying experience, especially as a child. Ged’s shadow is released as a result of performing an evil spell that puts his flawed traits into a physical form. The evil trait that was released as his shadow was Ged’s disobedience, because he went against his master, Ogion, and performed a spell. Ged’s shadow is first seen in a dark, demonic form. Their first real confrontation was described by one of Ged’s friends witnessing their encounter: ‘†So only he saw the lump of shadow that clung the Ged, tearing at his flesh. It was like a black beast, the size of a young child, †¦ and it had no head or face, only the four taloned paws with which it gripped and tore’†(Le Guin, 67). The shadow that Ged released tried to kill the light in Ged, but was stopped before it could. For the rest of his adult life, the shadow lurked in the background, constantly being a burden. In order for him to shake this daemon off of his back, he had to face his fear and confront it. What Beowulf did in the epic, Beowulf, was confront his evil daemon head on. The monster that Beowulf confronted was called Grendel. Grendel is a monster that lashes out on the Danes, but then is eventually stopped by Beowulf. Grendel’s name means â€Å"grinder† and â€Å"storm†, and Grendel lives up to his name as he invades the Mead Hall and attacks the innocent (Meeting the Shadow in Beowulf). Grendel is a symbol ofShow MoreRelatedArchetypal Literary Criticism Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Criticism, there is an idea that believes that Archetypes make up literature’s meaning. The concept of Archetypes in literature has been the subject of extensive examination in Literary Criticism. â€Å"Criticism can be broken down into two broad categories: evaluative and interpretive† (Gardner 1287). The criticism is based on Literary Theory, which is composed of ideas that help interpret, and analyze literature. Everything in literature has a meaning, and many different people came up withRead MoreThe Hitchhikers Guild Of The Galaxy2606 Words   |  11 Pagesexplaining that all stories follow a universal trend called the Hero Cycle. Within this cycle the hero of the story follows each of the steps to fulfilling his/her task. Along with the Hero Cycle, Myth Criticism explains there are archetypes found in each piece of literature or art that are universal in nature. Overall, it is found that the Myth Criticism base is used frequently as we as humans find solace in the comforts of the Cycle, as it is familiar to us. In The Hitchhikers Guild to The GalaxyRead MoreHow Dracula Is The Most Famous Literary Vampire1658 Words   |  7 PagesSoul: Why Dracula is the Most Famous Literary Vampire The title character and antagonist of Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel Dracula is an easily recognizable character in the Western canon. Without ever reading the book or watching any of the countless movie adaptations, people will craft vampire characters with feelings and behaviors nearly identical to those of Dracula. However, Dracula’s success is not because it was the first novel of its kind. Vampiric literature had been around for at least aRead MoreKhasak14018 Words   |  57 PagesKhasak, a belated self translated rendering of a famous regional work in Malayalam, Khasakkinte Ithihasam authored by the eminent writer O V Vijayan, and thus assert its artistic value. Divided into four chapters, the dissertation blends the kin theories of Psychoanalytic and Mythological criticism and applies it to the novel. The Introduction sets the ground for the analysis by exploring the scope of the novel in the comparative study of literature. It also asserts the author’s pla ce in the regionalRead MoreThe Period Called Romanticism: Representations of Terror in Literature2051 Words   |  9 Pagesthroughout oral and written literature. This emotion is underlined in literature, either as fear of death, of the unknown, of the time and mode of the end of the life or as a threat derived from the natural environment or unexpected phenomena, so we agree with H.P. Lovecraft when he says â€Å"no one need wonder at the existence of a literature of cosmic fear. It has always existed, and always will exist† . Thus, we could examine the terror imagery and their prevalence in literature, fully developed with theRead MorePyschoanalytic Personalities Essay Notes9106 Words   |  37 Pagesstriving for superiority can be healthy, if it involves a positive assertiveness. Carl G. Jung and Selfhood History abounds with stories in which the crown prince or successor has a bitter falling out with the king or the board chair. Take, for example, the biblical account of Absalom’s treason against his father, King David. Even if you are not familiar with the story, you can probably correctly guess many of its components. You might guess that King David was a wise and good ruler who tried toRead MoreMagical Realism As A Sense Of Psychological Mystery And Wonder3415 Words   |  14 Pagesdefined as a typically mundane novel injected with â€Å"the other,† which is something extraordinary or unbelievable. With the outlandish schemes and characters made familiar but at the same time exotic, one cannot help but be drawn into this genre of literature. A man by the name of Massimo Bontempelli, who was an Italian magic realist creative writer, sought to create a â€Å"collective consciousness† by changing readers’ perspectives of reality through his writing. Bonte mpelli simply attempted to establishRead MoreThe Boy Who Never Grew Up Essay2156 Words   |  9 Pagesit’s contributing to Peter’s inability to grow limits him in his overall life and development. Keywords: Sigmund Freud, Oedipus, Christian Worldview, psychoanalytic, childhood The Boy Who Never Grew Up â€Å"I don’t ever want to grow up!†, has been a famous quote from the iconic storytelling of Peter Pan since his introduction in 1902 by Scottish writer James Matthew Barrie. He has been a character the encompasses a great deal of emotional distress. Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is used to exploreRead MoreDocumentary Films Have Played an Important Part in Determining the Way We Construct History and Memory. in What Ways Do Documentary Films Dealing with the Holocaust Determine Contemporary Understandings of That Historical Event?2956 Words   |  12 Pagesrepresentations of the Holocaust have served not only to speak their ‘truth of the atrocities but also to document changing paradigms of social thought concerning Holocaust ‘truth. Holocaust History and its documentation: Theodor Adornos famous 1949 injunction that ‘to write poetry after Auschwitz is barbaric is indicative of the initial approaches of documentary to the subject matter. The first documentary footage of the Holocaust was shot as Allied troops entered the camps of Bergen-BelsenRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 PagesAmerican Literature through Time To find out more about a particular literature time period, click on the links below: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Puritan Times Rationalism/Age of Enlightenment American Renaissance/Romanticism Gothic Realism Naturalism Modernism Harlem Renaissance Postmodernism Contemporary Puritan Times period of American Literature - 1650-1750 Content: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · errand into the wilderness be a city upon a hill Christian utopia Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · sermons, diaries personal

Definition and Discussion of Lexical-Function Grammar

In linguistics, lexical-functional grammar is a model of grammar that provides a framework for examining both morphological structures and syntactic structures. Also known as  psychologically realistic grammar. David W. Carroll notes that the major significance of lexical-functional grammar is the shunting of most of the explanatory burden onto the lexicon and away from transformational rules (Psychology of Language, 2008). The first collection of papers on the theory of lexical-functional grammar (LFG)--Joan Bresnans The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations--was published in 1982. In the years since, notes Mary Dalrymple, the growing body of work within the LFG framework has shown the advantages of an explicitly formulated, non-transformational approach to syntax, and the influence of this theory has been extensive (Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar). Examples and Observations In LFG, the structure of a sentence consists of two distinct formal objects: C[onstituent]-structure of the familiar kind plus a functional structure (or F-structure) which displays certain additional kinds of information. Most important in the F-structure is the labeling of grammatical relations like subject and object (these are called grammatical functions in LFG).The first part of the name reflects the fact that a great deal of work is done by the lexical entries, the dictionary part of the framework. Lexical entries are usually rich and elaborate, and each one inflected from a lexical item (such as write, writes, wrote, written and writing) has its own lexical entry. Lexical entries are responsible for dealing with many relations and processes handled by different machinery in other frameworks; an example is the voice contrast between actives and passives.(Robert Lawrence Trask and Peter Stockwell, Language and Linguistics: The Key Concepts, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2007)Different Kin ds of StructuresA natural language utterance is rich in structures of different kinds: sounds form recurring patterns and morphemes, words form phrases, grammatical functions emerge from morphological and phrasal structure, and patterns of phrases evoke a complex meaning. These structures are distinct but related; each structure contributes to and constrains the structure of other kinds of information. Linear precedence and phrasal organization are related both to the morphological structure of words and to the functional organization of sentences. And the functional structure of a sentence--relations like subject-of, object-of, modifier-of, and so on--is crucial to determining what the sentence means.Isolating and defining these structures and the relations between them is a central task of linguistics. . . .Lexical Functional Grammar recognizes two different kinds of syntactic structures: the outer, visible hierarchical organization of words into phrases, and the inner, more abstr act hierarchical organization of grammatical functions into complex functional structures. Languages vary greatly in the phrasal organization they allow, and in the order and means by which grammatical functions are realized. Word order may be more or less constrained, or almost completely free. In contrast the more abstract functional organization of languages varies comparatively little: languages with widely divergent phrasal organization nevertheless exhibit subject, object, and modifier properties that have been well-studied by traditional grammarians for centuries.(Mary Dalrymple, John Lamping, Fernando Pereira, and Vijay Saraswat, Overview and Introduction. Semantics and Syntax in Lexical Functional Grammar: The Resource Logic Approach, ed. by Mary Dalrymple. The MIT Press, 1999)C(onstituent)-Structure and F(unctional) StructureLFG contains multiple parallel structures each modeling a different aspect of linguistic structure. The main syntactic structures are (c)onstituent-st ructure and f(unctional) structure . . .C-structure models the surface syntactic form of language: it is here that surface precedence and dominance relations are encoded. C-structures are phrase-structure trees, characterized by a particular form of X theory . . . designed to accommodate the large amount of phrase structure variation found cross-linguistically, from the relatively strict configurationality of languages like English to the more radically non-configurational languages of Australia. . .C-structures are always base-generated; there is no movement. . . . [T]he effect of movement is achieved by the fact that different c-structure positions can be mapped into the same f-structure via unification.The level of f-structure models grammatical relations. Unlike c-structures, which are phrase structure keys, f-structures are attribute-value matrices. F-structure attributes may be grammatical functions (e.g. SUBJ, OBJ, COMP, also nonargument functions TOP(IC), FOC(US)), tense/asp ect/mood categories (e.g. TENSE), functional nominal categories (e.g. CASE, NUM, GEND), or the predicate (semantic) attribute PRED. . . . The contents of f-structure come from the lexical items of the sentences themselves, or annotations on the nodes of the c-structure linking pieces of c-structure to parts of the f-structure.(Rachel Nordlinger and Joan Bresnan, Lexical-Functional Grammar: Interactions Between Morphology and Syntax. Non-Transformational Syntax: Formal and Explicit Models of Grammar, ed. by Robert D. Borsley and Kersti Bà ¶rjars. Blackwell, 2011) Alternate Spellings: Lexical-Functional Grammar (capitalized)

Introduction to Phonetics Free Essays

INTRODUCTION TO PHONETICS Communication is possible only with use of language. A language can be used in two ways for the purpose of communication . The two purpose of communication is spoken and written. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Phonetics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Speech is more important medium than the medium of writing. USES OF SPEECH: *Speech comes first in history. *Speech comes first in the history of any individual. *Speech is used much more than writing as a medium, *Written language is an attempt to represent the sands used in spoken language. * Modern technology has given more importance to speech. Linguistics is a systematic study of language. Phonetics is a branch of linguistics and it is the branch dealing with the medium of speech . It deals with the production, transmission and reception of sounds of human speech. THE AIR STREAM MECHANISM: Speech needs air stream. The air stream that flows out of our mouth is modified into speech sounds by the action of creation organs of our body these are commonly known as â€Å"ORGANS OF SPEECH†. For the articulation of most speech sounds lung air is used. The respirative system consisting of lungs, muscles of chest and wind pipe (trachea). since the air steam mechanism involves (inspiration) breathing in and breathing out (expiration). It is the expiratory lung-air that becomes the basis for the articulation of most of the speech sounds. The air stream involving in lung-air is called Pulmanic Air-stream. There are three main air streams mechanisms 1. Pulmanic 2. Glottalic 3. Velaric The Pulmanic air stream mechanism is initiate by the walls of the lungs. The air is drawn into How to cite Introduction to Phonetics, Essay examples

Introduction to Phonetics Free Essays

INTRODUCTION TO PHONETICS Communication is possible only with use of language. A language can be used in two ways for the purpose of communication . The two purpose of communication is spoken and written. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Phonetics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Speech is more important medium than the medium of writing. USES OF SPEECH: *Speech comes first in history. *Speech comes first in the history of any individual. *Speech is used much more than writing as a medium, *Written language is an attempt to represent the sands used in spoken language. * Modern technology has given more importance to speech. Linguistics is a systematic study of language. Phonetics is a branch of linguistics and it is the branch dealing with the medium of speech . It deals with the production, transmission and reception of sounds of human speech. THE AIR STREAM MECHANISM: Speech needs air stream. The air stream that flows out of our mouth is modified into speech sounds by the action of creation organs of our body these are commonly known as â€Å"ORGANS OF SPEECH†. For the articulation of most speech sounds lung air is used. The respirative system consisting of lungs, muscles of chest and wind pipe (trachea). since the air steam mechanism involves (inspiration) breathing in and breathing out (expiration). It is the expiratory lung-air that becomes the basis for the articulation of most of the speech sounds. The air stream involving in lung-air is called Pulmanic Air-stream. There are three main air streams mechanisms 1. Pulmanic 2. Glottalic 3. Velaric The Pulmanic air stream mechanism is initiate by the walls of the lungs. The air is drawn into How to cite Introduction to Phonetics, Essay examples